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Structure decision tool · Homeowners, architects & builders

Timber vs Steel vs Concrete Cost & Carbon Comparison

Compare timber, light-gauge steel, brick veneer, masonry, reinforced concrete and hybrid structures side by side for the same house—see the cost difference and the embodied CO₂ of each system.

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Build-cost baselines are indicative 2025 figures you should edit to match local quotes. This is a planning estimate, not a quotation.

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How six structural systems compare for the same house in Australia.

Lowest-cost structure
Timber / wood frame

AUD 617,500

Lowest-carbon structure
Timber / wood frame

45 t CO₂e

Cost spread across options
AUD 354,250

≈ USD 247,043

Carbon spread across options
67.5 t CO₂e

Highest minus lowest embodied carbon

Cost multipliers and embodied-carbon intensities are indicative order-of-magnitude figures for comparison only — not a structural design, feasibility check or quotation.

Side by side

Every structure for the same 250 m² house

StructureAUDUSDCO₂e (t)kg/m²
Timber / wood frameLowest costLowest carbonAUD 617,500USD 430,62545180
Light-gauge steel frameAUD 682,500USD 475,95475300
Brick veneer (framed + brick skin)AUD 650,000USD 453,28965260
Double brick / block masonryUncommon hereAUD 929,500USD 648,20485340
Reinforced concrete (RCC) frameUncommon hereAUD 971,750USD 677,668112.5450
Hybrid (timber + steel + concrete)AUD 702,000USD 489,55375300

Embodied-carbon intensities are indicative upfront structural figures (ICE database / LETI ranges). Actual carbon depends on mix design, recycled content and transport. Costs marked “uncommon here” include a ~30% premium because that method is not the local default.

Practical guide

Understand the numbers before you use them on site

Read the related guide for assumptions, ordering tips and ways to compare the estimate with actual site records.

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Frequently asked questions

Use the estimate with confidence

Is the Structure Cost & Carbon free?

Yes. The Structure Cost & Carbon works in your browser without an account. You can install GharNaksa when you want to track the real project costs, payments and progress.

Can I use this result as a final quotation or professional approval?

No. It is a planning estimate based on the information you enter. Verify rates, quantities, drawings, local requirements and contract terms with the appropriate qualified professional before making a commitment.

How do I track the estimate during construction?

Use GharNaksa to record actual material deliveries, labor, payments, bills and site photos. Comparing the estimate with a dated site record helps reveal cost differences early.